The epidemiology of malaria in Southeast Asia (SEA) is multifaceted and rapidly evolving, marked by immense spatial heterogeneity in disease distribution across different regions and countries. As SEA countries strive to eliminate malaria, they encounter unique challenges, including the transition from P. falciparum to P. vivax and persistent malaria-endemic areas that are remote and exhibit rich ecological diversity. Additionally, the emergence and rapid spread of human P. knowlesi infections in Malaysia and Thailand are serious concerns that necessitate integration into the elimination program. This new iteration of the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) program builds on the groundbreaking scientific discoveries of its predecessors (ICEMR 1&2), which has fostered international collaborations among researchers from academic institutions in Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, and the United States. The program's primary aim is to comprehend the intricate interplay between malaria epidemiology and vector biology in SEA, with a particular emphasis on the dynamics of human and zoonotic malaria transmission, to inform strategies for malaria elimination. To achieve this, research sites across Thailand and Malaysia have been meticulously selected to encompass diverse landscapes and malaria transmission patterns. The research program consists of two interdependent projects;